Health information systems that incorporate decision-support systems (DSS) can operate effectively for diagnostic and therapeutic services, and follow-up reminders. Choice architecture can be applied in the design of DSSs. Based on ​​choice architecture, nudges offer policymakers a non-mandatory strategy to improve individuals' decisions. A nudge, a concept in behavioral economics, subtly alters the environment or context to influence their behavior without restricting freedom of choice. Therefore, we suggest that integrating intelligent nudges into the design of DSS. Nudge-based DSSs can pave the way for increasing the efficiency of health information systems. More studies are needed to design effective nudge-driven models of health information systems.

This paper examines in detail the little-known Friday Mosque (masjid-i jāmi‘) of Firdaus, located southwest of the Khurasan, which has had a key role in developing Saljuq architecture in the area. The original scheme of the mosque was unclear. The lofty īwān and two flanking dome chambers on the west (qibla) side of the courtyard are the central core of the mosque. The main aim of the article is to analyse the architecture of the mosque and demonstrate its association with the architectural style of the Saljuq mosque in the Khurasan area.  During the conservation and restoration measures in 2006, some fresh materials were unearthed. The new findings shed light on the original features of the mosque and revealed its formation. The paper describes the city's history, defines its architectural characteristics, and then analyses the present information for replying to the research questions. Owing to the outcomes of the archaeological investigation, the study suggests the general scheme of the mosque as a further example of the two- īwān mosque, which may be dated to the late years of the 6th /12th century. Despite the importance of the mosque, no lengthy study has been published about the building. The accurate drawing of the plan and sections of this monument, with the proposal scheme for the reconstruction of the mosque, are being published in this paper for the first time.

This study is a critical discourse analysis of Reader's Choice. The objectives of the research are to investigate the extent of ideological evasiveness and biases in this book, as well as to show whether the book may be suitable for being used as a textbook. To this end, four reading comprehension texts were chosen randomly from the book. These texts are: "The Midnight Visitor", "Sonar for the Blind", "Pockety Women Unite?", and "The 800 th Lifetime". The discursive structures of these texts have been studied according to Hodge and Kress's (1996) framework that consists of four features: naming, nominalization, active vs. passive sentences, and actional vs. relational sentences. The frequency of discursive structures have been measured in these texts. The results show that there was no evasive and biased structure in the book. Furthermore, according to the factors that have been focused in this study, the book proved to be a suitable textbook.

The use of cognitive and behavioral science considerations is an undeniable necessity for more accurate analysis of criminal behaviors and improving the deterrent function of punishments. The knowledge of behavioral economics, relying on cognitive and behavioral sciences considerations, shows that the capacity of human cognitive powers is limited and this limited capacity is also involved with a wide range of cognitive biases and errors. These variables cause criminals (potential delinquent) to perceive the reality of punishment in a distorted form in many cases, and distance themselves from the classical logic of rational choice theory in their decisions to commit a particular crime (or engage in criminal activity). The recognition of the effectiveness of these cognitive variables on the relative disturbance on free will and calculator will can help to determine preventive (deterrent) practical strategies and can help to measure the risk of recidivism more accurately. This article, by relying on descriptive-analytical method, is going to investigate the capacities and possible challenges of the practical use of these insights in the field of criminal policy as the perception of punishment. Behavioral economics based on psychological insights suggests the idea of “choice architecture” and “nudge theory”. This research shows that distortion of the reality of punishment can be prevented in the minds of criminals in some cases by relying on new insights of behavioral economics in the field of deterrence. In this regard, supporters (favoritism) of the idea of choice architecture claim that they can lead people to make a better choice in a “free-spirited” way. However, this idea is faced with important critiques and it has a reductionism error in many ways. It can be said, at least, that uncritical exposure to it can face policies and ideological plans of crime control.

2The current research was conducted with the aim of compiling and validating the educational package of the 10th grade religion and life lesson based on Choice Theory. The research method for the stage of designing and compiling the educational package was descriptive-analytical method mixed . The main themes of the training package and the time required for training were taken from written sources such as the model of G schools and internal and external research projects. To validate the package, while using the face validity method, the content validity method was used in a qualitative and quantitative way. It was used with a panel of 14 experts. 14 experts were considered as the statistical population, 10 of them were in the field of psychology, two were in the field of curriculum planning, and two were in the field of education. In addition, two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index were used. The minimum and maximum relative content validity coefficients for each item of the package were calculated as 1 and 0.71, and the content validity index in most sessions reached the number (0.85) for all goals in the educational protocol. The results revealed that the educational package of the Religion and Life lesson based on Choice Theory for 10th grade students have good formal and content validity and has the necessary validity for educational applications and research use.

A Study of Geometry in Islamic Architecture by Professor Golroo Najibaaghlou is a valuable work in the field of Islamic architecture. This book has a detailed preface, a brief introduction, and five main sections. As it is known from the introduction of the book, this book was originally written for a non-Iranian audience. The first purpose of writing this book is to try to moderate public belief about geometry and the stages of compilation and discussion in Islamic architecture. Another purpose is to correct the negative view of the geometric documentation of Islamic architecture in the West, because such a view has created a kind of reluctance to equate the works of Islamic architecture with the great works of classical Western architecture. In addition, Najibaaghlou wants to reject and respond to Western criticism that reduces Islamic architecture to the level of an unedited work. In the final chapter of the book, Najibaaghlou looks at the compiled documents of Islamic architecture from a Western perspective and highlights some of the missed points of geometric sciences, including clarifying conceptualization, recording, and transferring architectural design in the Islamic world.

The choice of technology to transport passengers in large metropolitan areas is an important issue everywhere. There are many factors involved in this choice. This paper deals with the possibility of the objective use of available information in the analysis of the suitability of a rail public transport system for a city. A database has been made from publications on public city transportation and country level information. Logit models of choice have been calibrated by the maximum likelihood and nonlinear least square methods based on the acquired information. Each city is treated as an "individual, choosing rail or non-rail modes for its trips. Only cities with a population of more than one million have been included in the analysis to ensure the instigation of mode diversification in these cities. Selected models have been validated and then used to suggest the desirability of a rail public transport mode in some sample cities, according to world practice.

One of the challenges for new and innovative businesses is imitation and copying by newcomers. Novice imitators often fail and incur costs for pioneering innovators. This research is aimed at analyzing the impact of pioneer entrepreneurs on those who copy and imitate their works and also the other influential factors in economy of the market. For the first time, the role of Nudge Theory has been modelled in copying the entrepreneurial businesses. This research is practical in terms of purpose, and from the methodological approach, it is included in the category of exploratory mixed research, which is carried out in two steps: thematic analysis and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The statistical population of this case study consists of two groups,the first group includes national cases of online taxis like Snapp, Tapsi and Maxim. The second group, called ‘the experts’ comprises fifteen university professionals, principals and the founders of entrepreneurial businesses. Data collection has been done using semi-structured interviews and reviewing the interviews and speeches of the managers of the mentioned busainesses. The research findings illustrate a four-level model consisting of fourteen concepts including communication, mental readiness and motivation. The application of MICMAC analysis identified the concept of patriotism, modelling, and the spotlight effect as an independent, dependent and linkage variable, respectively